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20th Century Atomic Secrets: Human Radiation Experiments, Cold War American Research on Human Subjects, Plutonium and Weapons Testing, Ethics--Declassified Report
U.S. Government
Cd-Rom. Progressive Management 2006-04-14.
ISBN 9781422006177
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Förlagets beskrivning
This up-to-date and comprehensive electronic book on CD-ROM provides vital information on human radiation experiments performed by the American government and the ethical problems posed by those experiments.
Included in this collection of important documents, reports, and publications about every facet of the issue is the final report of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE) and related documentation from the ongoing Department of Energy Openness initiative at the Office of Human Radiation Experiments, established in March 1994.
There is a comprehensive history, including interviews with key researchers, on these subjects:
* experiments with plutonium and other atomic bomb materials
* AEC's program of radioisotope distribution
* nontherapeutic research on children
* total body irradiation
* research on prisoners
* nuclear weapons testing and human experiments
* intentional environmental releases of radiation
The ACHRE concluded: "Between 1944 and 1974 the federal government sponsored several thousand human radiation experiments. In the great majority of cases, the experiments were conducted to advance biomedical science; some experiments were conducted to advance national interests in defense or space exploration; and some experiments served both biomedical and defense or space exploration purposes. As noted, in the great majority of cases only fragmentary data are available. The majority of human radiation experiments identified by the Advisory Committee involved radioactive tracers administered in amounts that are likely to be similar to those used in research today. Most of these tracer studies involved adult subjects and are unlikely to have caused physical harm. However, in some nontherapeutic tracer studies involving children, radioisotope exposures were associated with increases in the potential lifetime risk for developing thyroid cancer that would be considered unacceptable today. The Advisory Committee also identified several studies in which patients died soon after receiving external radiation or radioisotope doses in the therapeutic range that were associated with acute radiation effects. Although the AEC, the Defense Department and the National Institutes of Health recognized at an early date that research should proceed only with the consent of the human subject, there is little evidence of rules or practices of consent except in research with healthy subjects. It was commonplace during the 1940s and 1950s for physicians to use patients as subjects of research without their awareness or consent. Government officials and investigators are blameworthy for not having had policies and practices in place to protect the rights and interests of human subjects who were used in research from which the subjects could not possibly derive direct medical benefit."
In all, this CD-ROM has over 13, 000 pages reproduced using Adobe Acrobat PDF software - allowing direct viewing on Windows and Apple Macintosh systems. Reader software is included on the CD.
Our news and educational discs are privately compiled collections of official public domain U.S. government files and documents - they are not produced by the federal government. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work, utilizing the benefits of the Adobe Acrobat format to uniformly present thousands of pages that can be rapidly reviewed, searched by finding specific words, or printed without untold hours of tedious research and downloading. Vast archives of important public domain government information that might otherwise remain inaccessible are available for instant review no matter where you are. This book-on-a-disc format makes a great reference work and educational tool. There is no other reference that is as fast, convenient, comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and portable - everything you need to know, from the federal sources you trust
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20th Century Atomic Secrets: Human Radiation Experiments, Cold War American Research on Human Subjects, Plutonium and Weapons Testing, Ethics--Declassified Report
Bokrecensioner » 20th Century Atomic Secrets: Human Radiation Experiments, Cold War American Research on Human Subjects, Plutonium and Weapons Testing, Ethics--Declassified Report
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