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INCREASING RETURN A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SIZE AND EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HISTORY OF SELECTED BRITISH AMERICAN INDUSTRIES 1850-1910 BY THE LATE G. T. JONES Edited by COLIN CLARK Lecturer in Statistics in the University of Cambridge CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1933 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface page xi Foreword xiii PART I INTRODUCTION i Definition i 2 Method 27 3 Interpretation 45 PART II THE LONDON BUILDING INDUSTRY 1845-1913 i Introduction 58 Selling prices, cost of materials, efficiency wages and weighting of the factors in 2 Brickwork 63 3 Carpentry and Joinery 65 4 Masonry 68 5 Roofing 70 6 Plumbing 71 7 Painting 72 8 Plastering 74 9 The Building Industry Costs 76 i The relative importance of the several trades in the building industry ii Derivation of the index numbers for the whole industry from th6 trade indexes iii The accuracy of the index numbers of costs for the building industry iv Interpretation of the corrected selling price index 10 The Building Industry Size 87 vi ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 1 Provisional Conclusions concerning the Building Industry page 88 i Short period fluctuations ii The trend of building costs 1850-1910 PART III THE LANCASHIRE COTTON INDUSTRY 1845-1913 i Introduction 100 2 Index numbers of prices 101 i Selling price of grey cloth ii Cost of materials iii Efficiency wages iv Weighting v Calculation of the corrected index numbers of selling price vi Errors involved in the derivation of the index of real costs 3 The Size of the Industry 1 1 1 i Yarn produced and consumed ii Changes in the size of the representative firm 4 Provisional conclusions 114 PART IV THE CLEVELAND PIG IRON INDUSTRY 1883-1925 i Introduction 120 2 Index Numbers, etc. 122 i Selling price ii Cost of Materials iii Cost of Labour ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS vii iv Changes in the value of money v The weighting of corrections for the different factors vi Statistical Errors vii Interpretation of the index of real cost of pig iron 3 The size of the industry, materials used, and size of the firms engaged therein page 140 4 Provisional Conclusions 141 PART V THE MASSACHUSETTS COTTON INDUSTRY 1845-1920 i Introduction 146 2 The index numbers of prices and costs 156 i Selling price ii Cost of materials iii Efficiency wages iv The weighting of the different items of expense v The calculation of the index numbers of real cost vi Errors in the derivation of the index of real costs 3 The size of the industry and of the firms engaged therein 203 i The industry as a whole ii Size of establishments iii Size of the unit of control 4 Provisional Conclusions 209 viii ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS PART VI THE AMERICAN PIG IRON INDUSTRY 1883-1925 i Introduction page 219 2 The index numbers of prices and costs 222 i Selling price ii Materials iii Labour iv The weighting of the factors v The calculation of the index numbers of real cost vi Statistical - errors in the index numbers of real cost 3 The size of the industry and of the operating units 233 i The size of the industry ii The size of the firms engaged in the industry 4 Provisional Conclusions 236 PART VII CONCLUSION i Summary of results 245 2 Historical aspects 246 3 Elasticities of return 249 4 Causation 250 STATISTICAL APPENDICES APPENDIX I THE LONDON BUILDING INDUSTRY 1845-1913 258 APPENDIX II THE LANCASHIRE COTTON INDUSTRY 1845-1913 273 ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS ix APPENDIX III THE CLEVELAND PIG IRON INDUSTRY 1883-1925 page 278 APPENDIX IV THE MASSACHUSETTS COTTON INDUSTRY 1845-1920 287 APPENDIX v THE AMERICAN PIG IRON INDUSTRY 1883-1925 293 Index 299 PREFACE IT is clear, other things being equal, that improvements in industrial efficiency whereby the physical quantity of pro ductive resources consumed in the production of a unit of a particular commodity is reduced will increase economic welfare
Fler böcker av G. T Jones
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