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Carlsbad Cavern resource protection plan: implementation plan and environmental assessment: Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico
U.S. Government
Paperback. Books LLC, Reference Series 2011-10-01.
ISBN 9781234228880
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Förlagets beskrivning
Original publisher: [Denver, Colo.? : U.S. National Park Service, Denver Service Center?, 2002]. OCLC Number: (OCoLC)51639317 Subject: Carlsbad Caverns National Park (N.M.) Excerpt: ... Cave and Groundwater Resources Infiltration. The natural drainage and infiltration patterns above Carlsbad Cavern have been disrupted by park development. Under undisturbed conditions, most rainfall would be absorbed into the soil and taken up by plants or evaporated. Water would flow into Bat Cave Draw only during intense thunderstorms. Now, the buildings and paved areas, which are impervious to water, focus drainage into culverts, drains, and eventually Bat Cave Draw. Any water that does not evaporate or is not used by plants becomes part of the groundwater system. Water moves downward primarily through fractures in the limestone that underlie the developed area and Bat Cave Draw. Eventually, the groundwater moving through the fractures appears in the cave as seeps or drips. These drips have created the numerous speleothems ( cave formations ) and pools found in Carlsbad Cavern. Over time, this water continues downward from the cave passages through fractures to the water table, approximately 200 feet below the deepest known point in the cave. Contamination Sources. Any contaminants generated at the surface and carried by groundwater will reach the cave and eventually the water table. These contaminants pose a threat to human health and the cave ecosystem. The sewage system and the parking lots are the most significant chronic problems, and the fuel storage tanks pose the highest potential risk. The sewer lines in the park vary in size, construction material, and condition. Some pipes are more than 50 years old and backup frequently due to blockages ( NPS, 2001 ). Some blockages are caused by accumulation of grease and other materials in system low points and some are caused by the intrusion of roots into the clay-tile pipes. The oil and grit separator in the maintenance area
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Carlsbad Cavern resource protection plan: implementation plan and environmental assessment: Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico
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